ABSTRACT
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are noxious and unintended effects of a drug that occurs at doses normally used in humans. ADRs may also result in diminished quality of life, increased physician visits, hospitalizations, and even death. The objectives of this study are to analyze and assess the causality and severity of reported ADRs.Methods: A cross sectional study of ADRs reported to Pharmacovigilance cell of MNR Medical College and Hospital Sangareddy in a year. The details of the various ADRs were statistically analyzed to find out pattern of ADRs. The WHO-UMC causality category and Hartwig-Seigel Scale were used to assess causality and severity of ADRs respectively.Results: The study shows, out of 60 suspected ADRs, the majority of ADRs were adults (68.3%) and out of whom 56% were females. According to the WHO-UMC Causality categories, 43.3% of the ADRs were categorized under Probable/likely, followed by possible (35%). The Hartwig-Siegel severity assessment scale shows that the majority (90%) of suspected ADRs were of mild category.Conclusions: The pattern of ADRs reported in our study is comparable to other studies. The commonest organ system affected was gastrointestinal tract, nervous and cutaneous system. Antimicrobial agents were causing maximum ADRs and medicine and allied departments have more number of ADRs. This study provides a valuable database for ADRs due to all commonly used drugs at hospitals and also helps in creating awareness regarding safe & judicious use of drugs to prevent ADRs.
ABSTRACT
Different studies have found a 6-9% incidence of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) among chronic sinusitis patients requiring surgery. Invasive rhinosinusitis due to Aspergillus causing nasal polyposis, bony erosion has been reported. Nasal discharge and nasal obstruction are said to be the commonest presentation. We report the case of a 48-year-old man who presented with complaints of nasal obstruction and foul-smelling nasal discharge from the past 6 months. He was investigated and found to have a nasal polyp involving left maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. Plain X-ray showed no bony involvement.
ABSTRACT
Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a collective term for a number of developmental conditions characterized by abnormal enamel formation. Only a few cases of AI have been reported to occur in association with syndromes and metabolic conditions. McGibbon Syndrome or AI and Nephrocalcinosis Syndrome are such disorders with defective enamel and renal calcifications. Early diagnosis of this condition is essential to prevent renal failure and death of the patient.
ABSTRACT
Cancer as a multifactorial disease results in gain of immortality due to defective apoptosis. The primary mode of cell death by apoptosis induced by various modes of treatment often fail in vivo. The in vitro environment is less complex while the in vivo environment is influenced by various external regulatory signals besides the existence of multiple, parallel and independent apoptotic pathways. Further, specific preference for an apoptotic pathway in a certain cell type would significantly alter the apoptotic responses. Identification of defects in preferred pathways and choosing alternative and potentially inducible pathways would help in deciding on apoptosis-based treatment protocols. Mechanisms involved in the execution of apoptosis may also not be unique to apoptotic pathways since similar events, possibly with strict control, do occur during mitosis. Further evaluation may yield new dimensions to apoptosis and apoptosis-based therapy.